Marine science section 2.6

 In The sylabus it is stated that we need to cover these itens:

1 describe how winds can cause upwelling, in which nutrient-rich cold water rises to the surface

2 outline the formation of El Niño 

3 discuss the local effects of El Niño Further guidance and exemplification: limited to:

The reduction or reversal of trade winds, leading to increased surface water temperature in the eastern Pacific • 

reduced upwelling in the eastern Pacific limited to: 

(a) effects on water temperature 

(b) effects on nutrient availability 

 (c) effects on rainfall in Australia and Asia compared to the eastern Pacific

This chapter is short, but important to be able to use the ideas of productivity and the effect of a stable thermochline blocking nutrients from entering the zone with sunlight.

The proces of upewlling in this chapter is mainly described as wind pushing away from the coast, thereby moving surface water and letting the nutrient rich water from below enter the upper zones.

My video on the chapter can be found here:

The En Nino/La Nina part is short as well, but important.

Under Normal contitions, the wind is pushing away from the pacific coast in southern America..

During El Nino contitions, the movement of a large mass of warm water changes the weather pattern, and there is a solid thermocline stopping upwelling, and changing the pattern of rainfall 

This will  cause less rainfall in Australia and other parts of Asia and a significant heavier rainfall in south america.

This is a very short and not that detailed explanation of El Nino. The Video below goes into more detail