Marine science 2.1 the water cycle

 The syllabus states:

Describe and explain the properties of solids, liquids and gases, using particle theory

State that temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of particles and is measured in °C  

Use particle theory to describe how diffusion takes place by the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, as a result of their random movement

Explain changes of state, using the terms evaporation, condensation, freezing and melting 

Describe the energy changes that occur during changes of state 

Investigate and compare the effect on water (PA) level of melting of floating ice and land-based ice

Describe and interpret the water cycle, with reference to evaporation, condensation, precipitation and surface run-off 

Describe the factors affecting the rate of evaporation of water from the oceans 

Particle theory:

All matter is made of Atoms.. Atoms bind together to form molecules as water (H2O or CO2 as examples)

Particle theory is the idea that all particles vibrate, and as material is heated the particles gain more energy and vibrate with more energy.

A material with few vibrations is a solid, with more vibrations it changes then to liquid and then to gas.

The temperature when a material goes from solid to lquid is the melting point, and the temperature when the liquid have so much energy that all particles start to evaporate is the boiling point.

when a material cools down the opposide happens. The gas first condensates to a liquid and then it freezes to a solid.

The AS version of the syllabus with a bit more depth to the subject

Diffusion

When a Soluble is placed in a liquid, the liquid will alow the solid particles to mix.  The solid particles mix with the liquid in the process of diffusion.

The water cycle:

The water cycle is powered by evaporation. Lots of water evaporates from the worlds oceans every day, and this falls down as rain or snow elsewhere.

The fators that affects evaporation are: Temperature, wind speed and humidity.

The highest rate of evaporation is with high temperature, high wind and low humidity.

When rain falls on land it will find its way to streams and river end eventually end back in the ocean.

when it does to, it carries nutrients into the ocean, in the form of run off